SLF SnowPro-4040

Sensor for measuring snow density and LWC

The SLF SnowPro-4040 is using the same dimension and structure as the probes originally designed and studied by A. Denoth . He obtained relations between permittivity 𝜖 and snow density 𝜌 and liquid water content LWC that are well accepted in the researcher community. For snow profiles which are clearly below 0°C the density of dry snow ρdry is calculated using the inversion of following empirical formula (Denoth, 1989):

ρ[kg/m3]=10000.88×(-1.92+1.922-4×0.441-ϵ)

For temperatures above 0°C LWC is calculated using below empiric formula (Denoth, 1989), including the average dry snow density 𝜌dry:

LWC[vol.%]=-0.2060.0092×0.2062-4×0.046×(0.44×ρ2+1.92×ρ1000+1-ϵ)0.0922

SENSOR SPECIFICATION